Solenoid Valve
Amazing Advances In Automobile Technology-Engine Developments
Amazing Developments in Motor Car Technology — Engine Advances
{Overview:l}
This is the third in a run of articles that highlights the almost unbelievable advances that have occurred in the past 10 years in motorcar engineering. How it was done will be the focus. Engines and how they have developed will be highlighted.
Having reached its ultimate goal, any further development in engine technology would only be incremental, was the general impression in the last decade. Engineers were however forced by increasing pressure from legislators to find answers to the problem of cleaner exhaust gases and lower gas consumption coupled with the demand for more performance from the buying public.
In a foregoing article it was stated that claims by manufacturers of automobiles about their achievements sounded more like snake oil salesman talk and was almost too good to be believable.
HOW DID THIS HAPPEN?
To be brief: electronic computing power. Without electronics all this could not happen. Cars have computers in them that can do operations which were unthinkable, even a few years ago. Where electronics have been a major player in the development one should not forget the impressive advances in mechanical engineering.
Modern downsized engines with modern-day electronic controls have become hugely efficient although their power output rivals and even surpasses that of engines in racing cars of bygone eras. High power outputs on today’s motorcar engines provoke the expectation of high fuel consumption, but nothing is further from the truth.
- Fuel injection
By imagining the engine to be an air pump where fuel is mixed wtih the air, ignited and the burning gases trying to expand and raising the pressure in the cylinder, one can see how an engine works. Increasing pressure above the piston drives it down the cylinder and in turn rotates the crankshaft. When the gases in the cylinder have expanded, they are ejected through the exhaust valve to make space for the incoming fresh load of air. This is all done by valves which in turn are controlled by the camshaft.
Whereas in the previous decades engines had carburettors which mixed fuel with air to get the approximate correct mixture to burn in an engine, fuel injection is standard across the line these days.
With sometimes only a single carburetor, the mixture could not be evenly distributed to every cylinder as the length of the inlet tract differed for each cylinder. This made some cylinders to receive a lean mixture which had to be compensated for by enrichening the mixture for all cylinders having the effect of increasing the fuel consumption.
The even distribution of fuel to every cylinder has made gasoline injection mandatory on contemporary engines. A computer controlled solenoid valve that is supplied petrol through a single pipe (common rail) at pressure, then injects the gasoline into the engine. The gasoline is injected into the inlet tract.
But even this no longer satisfies the requirements. The very lean mixtures that are demanded by clean exhaust and efficiency requirements need the gasoline to be injected directly into the combustion chamber under high pressure. Having the fuel squirt directed at the spark plug, the extremely lean mixture is enabled to burn. Having a richer combustible mixture in a strata around the spark plug, to allow it to burn, this is called a stratified charge.
This development was made necessary by the high compression ratios and the pressures generated by turbo-charging.
Already in the 1950′s there was a sports car built by Mercedes Benz, the 300SL, that had direct petrol injection but through a mechanical pump. Is there anything new under the sun?
High compression ratios.
The higher the compression ratio is (that is the ratio at which your air in the cylinder is compressed from, say 10 parts into only one part), the more efficient an engine is. The 10:1 figure mentioned seems to be the standard these days. Certain factors however limit this.
Engines start to “ping” through ignition of the mixture by itself, when the compression ratios become too high, which is extremely undesireable. That is the rattly sound you hear when you press down the accelerator at low revs and with low octane fuel. Keeping this up for a longer time can cause extreme damage to the engine.
About fifty years ago motor cars with sidevalve engines and large combustion chambers fell out of favour. The resulting low compression ratios of 4:1 and 5:1 were quite common but were also necessary due to the fuel with low octane ratings that was available at the time. Their inefficiency caused them to slurp petrol.
With modern fuels and the abovementioned controls on the engines, compression ratios such as 11:1 and 12:1 are coming into the picture. This is nearly as lofty as that of a diesel engine. Diesel engines run at extreme compression ratios but that is the subject of another article.
A trend these days is to downsize and turbo-charge engines to make them more efficient but that is the subject of another article. Although the trend is followed more in Europe, it has not actually been popular in America and the reasons will be explained there.
Author: Dieter Hoffmann a car, nut if ever there was one. My website is not about cars but about another of my interests i.e. woodworking. The name of the website is http://www.toolsforcarpentry.com where you can find information about woodworking tools plus plans for making just about any woodworking project as well as boats .
Direct-Acting Solenoid Valve Animation
|
|
VALCOR ENG VALVE SOLENOID 96487 V5000-41 $11,250.00 |
|
|
EATON AEROSPACE solenoid valve 79215-3 aircraft parts $5,000.00 |
|
|
**NEW** Parker Solenoid Valve 24 VDC, H1EWXBG2B9000CC, H1EWXBG2B9OOOCC LOT of 2 $5,000.00 |
|
|
Mannesmann Rexroth Solenoid Valve 4WE6D61/EG24N9DK35LS0407, 213173, A112, 8W $5,000.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP W/ SOLENOID VALVE 5ES15H5GR $3,925.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP WITH SOLENOID VALVE 5ES15H5G $3,899.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP WITH SOLENOID VALVE 5ES15H3G $3,780.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP W/ SOLENOID VALVE 5ES15H3GR $3,720.00 |
|
|
50-389096-1 SOLENOID VALVE – SHUTT-OFF $3,619.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP WITH SOLENOID VALVE 5ES10H2G $3,269.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP W/ SOLENOID VALVE 5ES10H2GR $3,176.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP WITH SOLENOID VALVE 5ES05H2G $2,889.00 |
|
|
SOLENOID VALVE * 25730032-04 (MFR Vap-Air / Vapor) $2,800.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP W/ SOLENOID VALVE 5ES05H2GR $2,839.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP WITH SOLENOID VALVE 5ES05H1G $2,789.00 |
|
|
1 NEW BOSCH 0811-404-634 SOLENOID COIL VALVE H2-3 $2,725.00 |
|
|
BOSCH 0 811 404 093 / 0 811 404 042 HYDRAULIC PROPORTIONAL SOLENOID SERVO VALVE $2,675.00 |
|
|
NEW WILLIAMS ELECTRIC PUMP W/ SOLENOID VALVE 5ES05H1GR $2,669.00 |
|
|
BMW e36.7 e46 e86 e85 Vanos Unit with Solenoid and Pressure Valve (Rebuilt) e86 $2,650.00 |
|
|
GMA 2 Drive Roll Semiautomatic Wire Feeder With Gas Solenoid Valve K440-2 $2,352.99 |
|
|
VALVE SOLENOID * 1310-105 (MFR Woodward Governor) $2,300.00 |
|
|
Pfeiffer Angle Valve W/Solenoid 24VDC P/N PFB 38201 New $2,111.99 |
|
|
WRECKER TOW TRUCK PART – SOLENOID HYDRAULIC VALVE $1,969.00 |
|
|
Valve SOLENOID Clippard Miniature ES-28-24 24VDC NOS $1,924.00 |
|
|
BOSCH 0 811 404 058 HYDRAULIC SOLENOID SERVO VALVE 0811404058 D05 $1,875.00 |
|
|
Parker D103W1C156Y Hydraulic Solenoid Valve NEW-NO BOX $1,834.95 |
|
|
DUNGS DMV-DLE 5050/11 DOUBLE SOLENOID VALVE NEW $1,799.95 |
|
|
Flodyne Controls Solenoid Valve NC 2A1506S $1,769.00 |
|
|
PM PKG (SOLENOID VALVES) 61301602090 CSP037 $1,609.80 |
|
|
RENAULT TRAFIC VIVARO PRIMASTAR 07+ 2.0 DCI115 PRESSURE SOLENOID REGULATOR VALVE $31.35 |
|
|
VICKERS 0G5 100A CMFW B5 100 SOLENOID CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC RELIEF VALVE w/02-101 $1,550.00 |
|
|
VICKERS 590125 HYDRAULIC SOLENOID VALVE ASSEMBLY NOS $1,400.00 |
|
|
PM PKG (SOLENOID VALVES) 61301602085 CSP036 $1,354.80 |
|
|
RONSON VALVE SOLENOID 7U7467 $1,350.00 |
|
|
NEW PARKER SOLENOID CONTROLED DIRECTIONAL VALVE # D81VW11C2NJCF567-75 $1,299.99 |
|
|
MAXON 3″ 500 1 SHUT-OFF SOLENOID VALVE NATURAL GAS 30 PSI 120V NEW NO BOX $1,300.00 |
|
|
CS-Fluid-Power Main Valve Solenoid ADS-50AF-N-G2-24VDC JIS 10K 50A SUS316 116338 $1,299.99 |
|
|
Asco Red-Hat 2 SS Stainless Steel Solenoid Valve 8223G012 3/4″ 120 VAC NC New $1,260.00 |
|
|
Ross W7076C8332 Solenoid Valve NEW $1,251.00 |
|
|
50 “NEW” GRANZOW ODE solenoid valves #21EN2KOB105 $1,250.00 |
|
|
BOSCH 0 811 403 300 HYDRAULIC SOLENOID VALVE NEW NO BOX $1,200.00 |
|
|
New Asco RedHat 1″ npt Stainless Steel Solenoid Valve 2 Way 120VAC, 8210D89 $1,200.00 |
|
|
1″ 12V Electric Solenoid Valve for Water Air Diesel $1,068.99 |
|
|
1″ 12V Electric Solenoid Valve for Water Air Diesel $1,068.99 |
|
|
Ross 3573A5997 Solenoid Valve 2-8.5 Bar USED $1,047.00 |
|
|
ROSS 3900A01889E PNEUMATIC SOLENOID POPPET VALVE REGULATOR SYSTEM 8476C3341 S5 $995.00 |
|
|
BOSCH SERVO SOLENOID VALVE # 0 811 404 931, $999.99 |
|
|
V1450.3-63 SOLENOID VALVE – SHUTT-OFF $999.00 |
|
|
Skinner 1-1/2″ 2 Way IS Solenoid Valve U321G39900565 28VDC $999.00 |
|
|
NEW ATOS DKER-1714 AC 11 SOLENOID DIRECTIONAL VALVE $999.00 |
|
|
NEW ATOS DKER-1714 AC 11 SOLENOID DIRECTIONAL VALVE $999.00 |
|
|
Ross Proportional Hydraulic Solenoid Directional Control Valve W6077B4401 $1,000.00 |
|
|
Dayton Hydraulic Solenoid Directional Control Valve 2A127 $1,000.00 |
|
|
NEW MICRO-MINI HYDRAULICS D05-A-FC-JL HYUDRAULIC SOLENOID VALVE $990.00 |
|
|
NIB SPX HYTEC 9612 VALVE SOLENOID 4-WAY 115V $1,000.00 |
|
|
3/8″ Brass Electric Solenoid Valve NPT Gas Water 12 VDC $999.99 |
|
|
3/8″ Brass Electric Solenoid Valve NPT Gas Water 24 VDC $999.99 |
|
|
3/8″ Brass Electric Solenoid Valve NPT Gas Water 24 VAC $999.99 |
|
|
3/8″ Brass Solenoid Valve NPT Gas Water 110-120 VAC $999.99 |
|
|
3/8″ Brass Solenoid Valve NPT Gas Water 220-240 VAC $999.99 |
|
|
Refrigrator Automatic Ice Maker Kit $38.50 Replacement icemaker for ice thru-the-door or other (freezer mount) existing installations in most Whirlpool and Colspot refrigerators. This icemaker also replaces some older type icemakers. In some cases it can be used with the original wiring harness. Installation instructions included. Replaces the following part numbers: 978556, 4211173, 4210317, 978553, 978552, 833701, 797991, 627572, 626636,… |
|
|
Gaggia 14101 Classic Espresso Machine, Brushed Stainless Steel $379.00 Combining advanced technology with a classic design, this coffee/espresso machine for making hot drinks at home includes all the benefits of a commercial system. Designed in Italy by Gaggia, one of the most respected names in the espresso industry, the unit uses standard 58 mm filters to provide ample room for brewing rich, full espresso. Its commercial-grade construction includes stainless-steel … |
|
|
Rancilio Espresso Machine – Rancilio Silvia $615.00 Rancilio is a company with a long tradition and our production of high-quality espresso machines dates back to the twenties. After decades of growth and learning, we proudly continue to offer products that are first in their class in design and technology… |
|
|
Whirlpool 279834 Valve Coil for Dryer $6.90 Gas Dryer Valve Coil Kit. This Coil Kit is used in most gas dryers today and for the past 20+ years. They are the replacements for the -M-style gas valve coil kit…. |
|
|
GE WH13X10024 GE Washer Inlet Solenoid Water Valve $17.95 GE WH13X10024 GE Washer Inlet Solenoid Water Valve… |
|
|
Milwaukee Instruments Co2 Regulator with Solenoid $91.99 The Milwaukee MA957 is a complete and high quality solution for automatically injecting CO2 gas into your aquatic system. This Co2 regulator with solenoid includes needle valve, bubble counter, and gauges…. |
|
|
ACDelco 214-2082 Canister Solenoid Valve Kit $60.94 SOLENOID KIT,EVAP EMIS CNSTR VENT VLV… |
|
|
ACDelco 214-2149 Professional Vapor Canister Purge Solenoid $12.69 SOLENOID,EVAP EMIS CNSTR… |